Central banks in the service of stability
At the end of August, the Magyar Nemzeti Bank, the central bank of Hungary, in cooperation with the Asian Financial Cooperation Association (AFCA) and the Hungarian Banking Association, hosted the two-day AFCA Financial Summit Forum at the MNB headquarters in Budapest.
Central banks in the service of stability
The Economics of Geography

Central banks in the service of stability

Governor Mihály Varga (Photo: Róbert Hegedüs)
Eurasia 10/10/2025 07:00

At the end of August, the Magyar Nemzeti Bank, the central bank of Hungary, in cooperation with the Asian Financial Cooperation Association (AFCA) and the Hungarian Banking Association, hosted the two-day AFCA Financial Summit Forum at the MNB headquarters in Budapest.

“Today, the global economy is surrounded by profound uncertainty on multiple fronts, which makes the role of central banks crucial in preserving stability and ensuring a predictable environment,” stressed Mihály Varga, Governor of the MNB, in his opening remarks.

He described cooperation between Europe and Asia as essential for three main reasons. First, because of geography – the two continents are physically connected. Second, because of history – the ancestors of the Hungarian people migrated from Asia, making this link part of our very bloodstream. He also noted that Hungary is increasingly leveraging its geographical position between East and West, as it is in the country’s interest to serve as Europe’s economic gateway to Asia.

Finally, he cited Asia’s economic rise, which he called “the most defining event of recent decades.” The engines of future growth, he emphasized, have clearly shifted eastward. In this changing world, central banks also have an important role to play: they can set direction. Fields such as green transition and new energy industries require not only economic but also financial cooperation.

Photo: Róbert Hegedüs
“Under its strategy of economic neutrality, the government is doing everything possible to shield the Hungarian economy from the consequences of Europe’s misguided decisions,” said Péter Szijjártó, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

He reminded participants that “for four decades, Hungary was on the wrong side of a divided world. We experienced what it was like to be oppressed from the East and forgotten by the West.” Given its geography and export-oriented economy, he added, Hungary has a strong interest in a barrier-free global trading system.
Photo: Róbert Hegedüs
Csaba Lantos, Minister of Energy, highlighted Hungary’s financial stability, the dynamic growth of green investments, and China’s strategic significance. Experts at the forum called for closer Europe–Asia cooperation in renewable energy and sustainable finance. They also underscored investor confidence, demonstrated by Hungary’s 2025 bond issuances exceeding USD 6.5 billion, including a yuan-denominated bond that generated strong demand.
Photo: Róbert Hegedüs
Tibor Tóth, CEO of the Budapest Stock Exchange, emphasized that the green transition should be viewed as an investment, not an expense: “It is an investment in resilience, innovation, and the value of the future.”
Photo: Róbert Hegedüs
Representing China’s regulatory side, Dan Xiao, Deputy Director General of the International Cooperation Department at the National Financial Regulatory Administration (NFRA), noted that “Finance is the lifeblood of the real economy,” playing a key role in promoting innovation and green transformation.
Photo: Róbert Hegedüs
Hungary’s strategic role in Europe’s green transition was further discussed in a panel moderated by Levente Horváth, Director of the Eurasia Center. Panelists included Gao Weijie, CEO of Huawei Technologies Hungary and the Western Balkans, Martina Almási, Partnership Manager at the Hungarian Investment Promotion Agency (HIPA), and Shen Feng, Managing Director of CATL’s Debrecen plant.

Almási highlighted that Hungary’s success story began more than three decades ago with Japanese automotive investments. In recent years, Korean and Chinese companies have taken the lead, creating new industries—most notably in battery manufacturing.

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